• Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl terminal catalytic regio

  2019-09-10

  

  Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl-terminal catalytic region and an amino-terminal regulatory region, which harbors one cAMP-binding domain in Epac1 and two in Epac2 [22], [32], [51]. In the absence of cAMP, the regulatory region covers the CDC25-homology domain and autoinhibits Epac\'s enzymatic a

• The cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins is

  2019-09-10

  

  The cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins is highly conserved and can interact with different cytosolic proteins. Typically this domain is associated with catenin family members, including p120 catenin, β-catenin, and α-catenin, which form a cadherin-catenin complex (Fig. 1). The catenin family

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments T

  2019-09-10

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer

• Therapeutic options targeting intrahepatic resistance are ve

  2019-09-09

  

  Therapeutic options targeting intrahepatic resistance are very limited. Theoretically, the NO-cGMP pathway may be influenced at several sites. Yet, most strategies did not reach clinical practice or yielded disappointing results, such as activators of soluble guanylate cyclase [14], NO releasing der

• Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in

  2019-09-09

  

  Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in most organisms. Cancer how to calculate dilutions in particular require a steady source of energy to maintain growth and proliferation, and preferentially use glycolysis for their energy supply even under aerobic conditions. Glucose uptake in mamm

• In summary this is the first report describing

  2019-09-09

  

  In summary, this is the first report describing the enzymatic characteristics, binding activity and localization of T. solium enolase. Here we demonstrate that Tseno gene possesses classical features of enolase family with highly conserved active sites, Mg2+ binding and plasminogen-binding motifs. T

• Among the Ub interactions observed in the

  2019-09-09

  

  Among the ~Ub interactions observed in the HOIP structure is one that involves a RING2 domain (from the non-cognate HOIP) [47]. A similar binding interaction was defined between HHARI RING2 and the hydrophobic patch on Ub by NMR [54]. HHARI RING2 mutations that ablate the interaction inhibit formati

• br RING type E s and their substrates There

  2019-09-09

  

  RING-type E3s and their substrates There is enormous diversity in substrate ubiquitination and its regulation, as the targets of RING-type E3s are incredibly varied. RING-type E3s are implicated as tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and mediators of endocytosis, and play critical roles in complex mult

• Introduction Maintenance of genome integrity

  2019-09-09

  

  Introduction Maintenance of genome integrity is essential for life, and faithful DNA replication and repair ensure this. One of the most important parameters for DNA maintenance is the regulation of optimal concentrations of the four 5′-deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphates (dNTPs) the precursors for D

• DNMT is the dominating enzyme

  2019-09-09

  

  DNMT1is the dominating enzyme responsible for maintenance of the DNA methylation pattern and the primary enzyme responsible for copying methylation patterns following DNA replication (Moore et al., 2013). DNMT1 maintains the mitotic inheritance of the original methylation pattern in a cell lineage d

• br DAG kinase activity is confined to specific

  2019-09-09

  

  DAG kinase activity is confined to specific cell compartments A number of reports demonstrating agonist-dependent translocation of DGKs to distinct membrane compartments suggest that DGK activity is restricted to localized DAG pools generated after activation of receptors. Perhaps the best eviden

• br Conclusion br Competing interests br Authors

  2019-09-09

  

  Conclusion Competing interests Authors\' contributions Acknowledgements The work was supported by Aurigene Discovery Technologies (M) Sdn. Bhd., Industrial Doctoral Program sponsorship by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and research grants by the University of Malaya, grant number

• For a physiologically relevant interaction ligand and recept

  2019-09-09

  

  For a physiologically relevant interaction, ligand and receptor have to be expressed in the same place. Collagen II is found primarily in cartilage. DDR2 is expressed in proliferating chondrocytes in vivo, and its staining pattern in tibial growth plates is similar to that of collagen II. In additio

• Other karyopherins besides CRM must bind to

  2019-09-09

  

  Other karyopherins besides CRM1 must bind to FG-Nups in a similar fashion. However, at an atomic resolution, only the interaction of importin β with isolated FG motifs has been analyzed (Bayliss et al., 2000, Bayliss et al., 2002, Liu and Stewart, 2005). Despite similarities in the FG-binding pocket

• The use of recombinant ER and ER binding

  2019-09-09

  

  The use of recombinant ERα and ERβ binding assays offers a relatively inexpensive, rapid technique for screening compounds for potential direct sc4 library mass receptor modulatory activity and understanding the mechanisms of existing herbal medicines. For background on the protein production syste

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